Overactive Thyroid - Illnesses & Conditions

An overactive thyroid, medically known as hyperthyroidism, is a medical condition characterised by the excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. The excessive release of thyroid hormone leads to a wide range of symptoms and severely affects the candidate’s overall health. 

Magna Centre is a medical hub renowned for hyperthyroidism treatment in Hyderabad. Based on references and experiences shared by endocrinologists at this centre, this blog will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for overactive thyroid. So, stay connected and gain valuable insight about hyperthyroidism. 

Causes of Overactive Thyroid

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition caused by the excessive secretion of thyroid hormone. Factors affecting the release of thyroid hormone include Graves' disease, toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goitre, and inflammation of the thyroid gland. 

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder. This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, which occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to the excessive production of thyroid hormones. 

Symptoms of Overactive Thyroid

The symptoms of hyperthyroidism vary from person to person, but the most common are listed below:

1. Despite a greater appetite, there is an unforeseen weight reduction
2. Heart palpitations or a rapid heartbeat
3. Increased perspiration and sensitivity to heat
4. Hand tremors or trembling
5. Anxiety, nervousness, or irritation
6. Fatigue and weakened muscles
7. Difficulties with fertility and variations in menstrual patterns
8. Disruptions in sleep
9. Diarrhoea or frequent bowel motions
10. Goitre, an enlarged thyroid gland

It is crucial to remember that not every person with an overactive thyroid will experience all of these signs and symptoms. Consult an endocrinologist, an expert in treating thyroid related issues, for an accurate diagnosis and course of treatment if one is suspected of having hyperthyroidism.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism begins with a blood test. The healthcare professional may perform a physical examination, order blood tests to measure the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and may also request imaging tests, such as ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake scans, to evaluate the structure and function of the thyroid gland.

Once the diagnosis is over and the result is an overactive thyroid, treatment for hyperthyroidism starts, which may include:

1. Medication: To stop the production of thyroid hormones, a doctor may prescribe antithyroid drugs such methimazole or propylthiouracil. These drugs aid in the management of the symptoms and can be taken on a long-term basis or in advance of other treatments.

2. Radioactive Iodine Therapy

The radioactive iodine therapy involves swallowing a pill that contains radioactive iodine, which is then taken by the hyperactive thyroid cells and kills them. Thyroid hormone replacement treatment can be used to treat hypothyroidism, which can be brought on by this operation but is still beneficial.

3. Beta-blockers

These drugs work by preventing the impact of too many thyroid hormones on the body. Although they don't address the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism, they can help with symptoms like tremors, anxiety, and a fast heartbeat.

4. Surgery

Thyroidectomy, or the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland, may be required in some circumstances, particularly if the thyroid gland is noticeably enlarged or if there are nodules that pose health risks. When alternative forms of treatment have failed or there is a concern about malignant nodules, surgery is typically recommended.

Managing Overactive Thyroid

Aside from pharmacological interventions, certain lifestyle changes can help control an overactive thyroid:

1. Balanced Diet: A balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help to maintain general thyroid function.
2. Management of Stress: Stress can make the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism worse. Deep breathing techniques, yoga, meditation, and other stress-relieving practices can be helpful.

3. Regular Exercise: It is vital to visit a healthcare practitioner to decide the right degree of activity. Moderate exercise can help enhance general health and well-being.

4. Regular Checkups: To provide the best possible management of hyperthyroidism, regular monitoring is necessary. It is crucial to schedule follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to monitor thyroid hormone levels, make any required medication adjustments, and discuss any worries or inquiries.

Treatment for an overactive thyroid should begin right away because it has a severe impact on both physical and mental health. Major negative consequences of untreated hyperthyroidism include weak bones, heart problems, and thyroid storm, a condition that carries a high risk of mortality. The best candidates for treatment are those with proven hyperthyroidism who have symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, and tremors. 

Prompt treatment aims to enhance quality of life, lessen symptoms, and control thyroid hormone levels. To make an accurate diagnosis and choose the best course of action for each patient, it is imperative to seek medical counsel.

Conclusion:

Hyperthyroidism is an illness that needs to be managed well by a professional expert. Individuals with hyperthyroidism can actively participate in their healthcare by learning the reasons, identifying the symptoms, and researching the available treatment choices. If one thinks that they might have an overactive thyroid, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider for a precise diagnosis and the best course of action.  To do so, one may visit Magna Centre and schedule an appointment with the best endocrinologist in Hyderabad.